The influence of different pre-treatments on enhancing seed germination in cassava

Authors

  • Vidya P Research Scholar ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)
  • Aswathy G. H. Nair Research Scholar ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)
  • Sreekumar J Senior Scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)
  • Mohan C Principal scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Keywords:

Key words, Seed germination, mechanical scarification, gibberellic acid treatment

Abstract

AbstractCassava is propagated through vegetatively by stem cuttings. However, cassava sexual seeds are widely used by the breeders with the objective of developing new variety with its adaptibity in varying environmental conditions, disease resistance and high yield. But the limiting factors like hard seed coat, light, temperature and other intrinsic factors leads to poor   seed germination rate. The aim of this study was to enhance and obtain early seed germination in cassava, which takes 16 to 20 days under normal condition. The efficacy of different treatments like mechanical scarification, water treatment and Gibberellic acid was investigated. It was found that seed germination percentage was significantly varied among different treatments (p<0.01) and maximum seed germination at 7th day after treatment was observed for 50 ppm gibberellic acid treatment (T5), followed by 60ppm gibberellic acid for 30 minutes on cotyledons (T14). By comparing the results, 50ppm GA3, overnight soaked seeds (T5) had significant effect on germination (66.67 %) and can be used as a best treatment for getting early germination in cassava before 10 days.

Author Biographies

Vidya P, Research Scholar ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Research ScholarDivision of Crop ImprovementICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI)  

Aswathy G. H. Nair, Research Scholar ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Research ScholarDivision of Crop ImprovementICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI)

Sreekumar J, Senior Scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Senior Scientist,Section of Social Sciences and ExtensionICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Mohan C, Principal scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

Principal scientist,Division of Crop ImprovementICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research institute (CTCRI)

References

References

AL-Helal, A.A. 1989. Degradation of storage protein of Acacia laeta L. seeds. Phyton, 50, 103-107.

Alves, M.C.S., Medeiros-Filho S., Andrade-Neto M., and Teófilo, E.M. 2000. Superação da dormência em sementes de Bauhinia monandra Britt. e Bauhinia ungulata L. - Caesalpinoideae. [Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Bauhinia monandra Britt. and Bauhinia L. ungulata . Caesalpinoideae]. Brazilian Journal of Seeds, 22: 139-144.

Asrar, A.A. 2009. Effect of growth media on vegetative growth and flowering of Rumex vesicarius L. (Hommaidh).Alexandria. Journal of Agricultural Research, 54: 73-80.

Bahrani, M.J., Gask, M.R., Shekafandeh A. and Taghvaei, M. 2008. Seed germination of wild caper (Capparis spinosa L. var. parviflora) as affected by dormancy breaking treatments and salinity levels. Seed Science and Technology, 36: 776-780.

Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. 1971. Germination ecology and adaptation to habitat in Leavenworthia spp. (Cruciferae). American Midland Naturalist, 85: 22-35.

Bewley, J.D. and Black 1994. Physiology of Development and Germination. Seeds, 9: 445.

Black, M. 1972. Control Processes in Germination and Dormancy. In Oxford Biology, (eds Head, J.J. and E.O. Lowenstein) 3-16.

Booth, D.T. and Sowa, S. 2001. Respiration in dormant and non-dormant bitterbrush seeds. Journal of Arid Environments, 48: 35-39.

Carpita, N.C., Skaria, A., Barnett, J.P. and Dunlap, J.R. 1983. Cold stratification on growth of radicles of loblolly pine (Pinus tardo) embroyos. Physiologia Plantarum, 59: 601-606.

Deng, Z.J., Cheng, H.Y. and Song, S.Q. 2010. Effects of temperature, scarification, dry storage, stratification, phytohormone and light on dormancy-breaking and germination of Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea (Anacardiaceae) seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 38: 572-584.

Elias, M. 2000., McKey, D., Panaud, O., Anstett, M.C. and Robert, T. 2001a. Traditional management of cassava morphological and genetic diversity by the Makushi Amerindians (Guyana, South America) perspectives for on-farm conservation of crop genetic resources. Euphytica, 20: 143-157

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. (2013). Cassava production data, 2012.

Fukuda, W.M.G., Costa, I.R.S., Vilarinhos, A.D. and Oliveira, R.P. 1996. Banco de germoplasma de mandioca: manejo, conservacao e caracterizacao. [Cassava germplasm bank: management, conservation and characterization.]. EMBRAPA-CNPMF Documents EMBRAPA-CNPMF, 68: 103.

Geneve, R.L. 2003. Impact of temperature on seed dormancy. Horticultural Sciences, 38: 336-341.

IITA. (1974, 1977, 1978, 1980). Annual reports of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Itamara Mezzalira., Caroline Jacome Costa., Eduardo Alano Vieira., Josefino de Freitas Fialho., Marilia Santos Silva., Marcelo Luiz Denke. and Karina Nascimento da Silva. 2013. Pre-germination treatments and storage of cassava seeds and their correlation with emergence of seedlings. Journal of Seed Science, 35: 113-118.

Jennings, D.L. and Iglesias, C. 2002. Breeding for crop improvement. In Cassava: Biology, production, and utilization, (eds R.J. Hillocks, J.M. Thresh, and A. Bellotti), 149.166.

Junttila, O. 1973. The mechanism of low temperature dormancy in mature seeds of Syringa species. Physiologia. Plantarum, 29: 256-263.

Karam, N.S. and Al-Salem, M.M. 2001. Breaking dormancy in Arbutus andrachne L. seeds by stratification and gibberellic acid. Seed Science and Technology, 29: 51-56.

Lozano, J.C. and Nolt, B.L. 1989. Pest And pathogens of cassava. In Plant Protection and Quarantine: Selected Pests and Pathogens of Quarantine Significance, 2: 174-175.

McKey, DL., Emperaire., Elias, M., Pinton, F., Robert, T., Desmouliere, S. and Rival, L. 2001. Gestions locales et dynamiques regionales de la diversite varietale du manioc en Amazonie Genetique. [Local and regional managements dynamics of varietal diversity of cassava in the Amazon Genetics]. Selection and Evolution, 33: 465-490.

Pallais, N.E., Nelly, Y., Espinola., Rosario, M., Falcon, M. and Garcia, R.S 1991. Improving seedling vigor in potatoes: II. Genotype, dormancy, and pre-sowing treatments. American Journal of Potato Research, 67: 109-119.

Pujol, B., Gigot, G., Laurent, G., Pinheiro-Kluppel, M., Elias, M., Hossaert-McKey, M. and McKey, D. 2002. Germination ecology of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in traditional ecosystems: Seed and seedling biology of a vegetatively propagated domestic plant. Economic Botany, 56: 366.379.

R. (2013). R Version 3.02. The R foundation for Statistical Computing

Rajendran, P.G., Ravindran, C.S., Nair, S.G. and Nayar, T.V.R. 2000. True cassava seeds (TCS) for rapid spread of the crop in non-traditional areas. Technical Bull. Series 28. Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Roberts, E.H. and Ellis, R.H. 1989. Water and seed survival. Annals of Botany, 63: 39.52.

SAS. (2010). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.

Scheibe, J. and Lang, A. 1965. Lettuce seed germination: Evidence for a reversible light-induced increase in growth potential and for phytochrome mediation of the low temp effect. Journal of Plant Physiology, 40: 485-492.

Stenzel, N.M.C., Murata, I.M. and Neves, C.S.V.J. 2003. Superação da dormência em sementes de atemóia e fruta-do-conde. [Overcoming dormancy in seeds and fruit atemóia-the-count]. Brazilian Journal of Fruit Crops, 25: 305-308.

Vertucci, C.W. and Farrant, J.M. 1995. Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance. Seed development and germination, (eds In: J. Kigel and G. Galili), pp. 237-271, Marcel Dekker Press, New York.

Zeinalabedini, M., Majourhat, K., Khayam-Nekoui, M., Hernández, J.A. and Martínez-Gómez, P. 2009. Breaking seed dormancy in long-term stored seeds from Iranian wild almond species. Seed Science and Technology, 37: 267-275.

Zeng, Y.J., Wang, Y.R., Zhang, J. and Li, Z.G. 2010. Germination response to temperature and dormancy breaking treatments in Nitraria trangutorum Bobr. and Nitraria sibirica Pall. Seed Science and Technology, 38: 537-550.

Downloads

Published

2016-09-29

How to Cite

P, V., G. H. Nair, A., J, S., & C, M. (2016). The influence of different pre-treatments on enhancing seed germination in cassava. JOURNAL OF ROOT CROPS, 41(2), 28–35. Retrieved from https://journal.isrc.in/index.php/jrc/article/view/366

Issue

Vol. 41 No. 2 (2015): Journal of Root Crops Vol. 41(2), 2015

Section

Research Articles

License

Dear Author(s)

We need your written permission before we can publish your accepted article in the Journal of Root Crops.   Please read this form carefully, complete it and palace your signature below. A scanned copy of this form may be mailed to us within two days of receipt of this letter. Our email ID is: isrc_ctcri@yahoo.com  or    editor_jrc@yahoo.com  or sreekumarctcri@gmail.com 

 

Details:

In consideration of the publication in the Journal of Root Crops of our contribution entitled

(Name of the paper): .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... by us (all Authors’ names) ..........................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

 
   

 

 

A.  To be filled in if copyright belongs to you

                      I/we hereby assign to Indian Society for Root Crops, Thiruvananthapuram, India, the full copyright in all forms and media in the said contribution, including open/ restricted access to online version. They own the rights to freely grant or distribute the paper to any third party or public

    Please tick this box if you are the sole author of the paper

    Please tick this box if you are authorised to execute this copyright transfer on behalf of all the authors of the above article

 

Name (block letters): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......

Institution/Company:..................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

Signature:.....................................................................; Date: ....................................................

 
   

 

 

B. To be filled in if copyright does not belong to you

1. Name and address of copyright holder:................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 

2. The copyright holder hereby grants Indian Society for Root Crops, Thiruvananthapuram, India the full copyright in all forms and media in the said contribution, including open/ restricted access to online version. They own the rights to freely grant or distribute the paper to any third party or public.

 

 (Signature of copyright holder or authorised agent)